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Marduk (Cuneiform: 𒀭𒀫𒌓 ᵈAMAR.UTU; Sumerian: amar utu.k "calf of the sun; solar calf"; Hebrew: מְרֹדַךְ, Modern: Merōdaḵ, Tiberian: Mərōḏaḵ) is a god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of Babylon who eventually rose to power in the 1st millennium BC.
The Statue of Marduk, also known as the Statue of Bêl (Bêl, meaning "lord", being a common designation for Marduk), [2] was the physical representation of the god Marduk, the patron deity of the ancient city of Babylon, traditionally housed in the city's main temple, the Esagila. There were seven statues of Marduk in Babylon, but 'the' Statue ...
Marduk-šāpik-zēri, inscribed in cuneiform d AMAR.UTU-DUB-NUMUN or phonetically -ša-pi-ik-ze-ri, and meaning “Marduk (is) the outpourer of seed”, reigned c. 1077–1065 BC, was the 7th king of the 2nd dynasty of Isin and 4th dynasty of Babylon and he ruled for thirteen years.
Marduk is also described as the creator of human beings, which were meant to help the gods in defeating and holding off the forces of chaos and thus maintain order on Earth. [51] The Statue of Marduk was the physical representation of Marduk housed in Babylon's main temple, the Esagila. [51]
In the Sumerian religion, Marduk is the "bull of Utu". In Hinduism, Shiva's steed is Nandi, the Bull. The sacred bull survives in the constellation Taurus. The bull, whether lunar as in Mesopotamia or solar as in India, is the subject of various other cultural and religious incarnations as well as modern mentions in New Age cultures.
The mušḫuššu was the sacred animal of Marduk and his son Nabu during the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The dragon Mušḫuššu, whom Marduk once vanquished, became his symbolic animal and servant. [7] It was taken over by Marduk from Tishpak, the local god of Eshnunna. [8]
He is known from a single economic text [i 1] from the southern city of Udāni dated to his accession year (MU.SAG.NAM.LUGAL).This city was a satellite cultic center to Uruk, of uncertain location but possibly near Marad, later to be known as Udannu, associated with the deities d IGI.DU (the two infernal Nergals) and Bēlet-Eanna (associated with Ištar). [3]
Marduk-zâkir-šumi (inscribed md AMAR.UTU-za-kir-MU in a reconstruction of two kinglists, [i 1] [i 2] 'Marduk pronounced the name', [1]) was a king of Babylon from 855 to 819 BC during the mixed dynastic period referred to in antiquity as the dynasty of E.