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Yahwism is the name given by modern scholars to the religion of ancient Israel and Judah. [1] An ancient Semitic religion of the Iron Age, Yahwism was essentially polytheistic and had a pantheon, with various gods and goddesses being worshipped by the Israelites. [2]
Maimonides, one of Judaism's most important theologians and legal experts, explained in detail why Jesus was wrong to create Christianity and why Muhammad was wrong to create Islam; he laments the pains Jews have suffered in persecution from followers of these new faiths as they attempted to supplant Judaism (in the case of Christianity, called Supersessionism).
Rather, he asserted, the beliefs of Judaism, although revealed by God in Judaism, consist of universal truths applicable to all mankind. Rabbi Leopold Löw (1811-1875), among others, took the opposite view, and considered that the Mendelssohnian theory had been carried beyond its legitimate bounds.
Therefore, it is possible that during this period the two peoples exchanged ideas about their view of the world, which would explain the clear reference to ethical dualism expressed and reformulated in Jewish terms in Chapter 31:15 of the Deuteronomy, the 5th book of the Torah: See, today I set before you life and prosperity, death and disaster.
Khazar Kingdom, c. 750–950 CE (semi-nomadic Turkic state in the Caucasus whose ruling royal elite seems to have converted to Judaism, although the extent to which it was adopted by commoners is highly debated) [11] [12] [13] Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia c. 1934 CE–present, one of the federal subjects of Russia. [14] [15] [16]
[17] [18] Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, [19] [20] as Judaism is their ethnic religion, [21] [22] though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] Despite this, religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process .
Dualism most commonly refers to: . Mind–body dualism, a philosophical view which holds that mental phenomena are, at least in certain respects, not physical phenomena, or that the mind and the body are distinct and separable from one another
In Reform Judaism, Sharon Koren teaches at the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. Reform rabbis like Herbert Weiner and Lawrence Kushner have renewed interest in Kabbalah among Reform Jews. At the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, Joel Hecker is the full-time instructor teaching courses in Kabbalah and Hasidut.