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The coat of arms of Karelia, first used in 1562 Map of North Karelia (green) and South Karelia (yellow) regions, border of the historical province of Karelia in red. Karelia (Finnish: Karjala: Swedish: Karelen) is a historical province of Finland, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of South Karelia and North Karelia plus the historical regions of Ladoga Karelia and the Karelian ...
Map showing areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union; Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956. The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War ...
Karelia (/ k ə ˈ r iː l ɪ ə, k ə ˈ r iː l j ə /; Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden.
Karelianism was a late 19th-century cultural phenomenon in the Grand Duchy of Finland and involved writers, painters, poets and sculptors. Since the publishing of the Finnish national epic Kalevala in 1835, compiled from Finnish and Karelian folk lore, culture spheres in Finland became increasingly curious about Karelian heritage and landscape.
Karelianists travelled to both Finnish Karelia and East Karelia, and created numerous works of art glorifying the nature and mysticism they saw in Karelia. [6] This also resulted in the creation of Kalevala, Finland's national epic. Following the Winter War, a portion of Finnish Karelia was ceded to the Soviet Union.
The ceding of the eastern half of Finnish Karelia to the Soviets caused considerable bitterness in Finland, which had lost Viipuri (Finland's second-largest [Population Register] or fourth-largest [Church and Civil Register] city, depending on the census data [22]), its industrial heartland along the River Vuoksi, half of the Saimaa canal that ...
Part of the population wanted to secede from Russia and form an independent Karelia separate from Finland. However, a larger part of the population just wanted some form of autonomy. Many thought they would get autonomy as part of Bolshevist Russia. A small minority of the population wanted Karelia to be joined to the new state of Finland.
On 1 June 1922, in Helsinki, Finland and Soviet Russia signed an Agreement between RSFSR and Finland about the measures providing the inviolability of the Soviet–Finnish border. [26] Both parties agreed to reduce the number of border guards and to keep those who do not reside permanently in the border zone from freely crossing the border from ...