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Instruments of monetary policy have included short-term interest rates and bank reserves through the monetary base. [1]With the creation of the Bank of England in 1694, which acquired the responsibility to print notes and back them with gold, the idea of monetary policy as independent of executive action began to be established. [2]
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 is a book written in 1963 by future Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz.It uses historical time series and economic analysis to argue the then-novel proposition that changes in the money supply profoundly influenced the United States economy, especially the behavior of economic fluctuations.
In the United States, banking had begun by the 1780s, along with the country's founding. It has developed into a highly influential and complex system of banking and financial services. Anchored by New York City and Wall Street, it is centered on various financial services, such as private banking, asset management, and deposit security.
A Financial History of the United States. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-0730-1. Marrs, Jim (2000). "Secrets of Money and the Federal Reserve System". Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History that Connects the Trilateral Commission, the Freemasons, and the Great Pyramids. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 64– 78. Martin, Justin (2000).
A History of Money and Banking in the United States is a 2002 book by economist Murray Rothbard, released posthumously based on his archived manuscripts. [1] The author traces inflations, banking panics, and money meltdowns from the Colonial Period through the mid-20th century.
Chandler argues that in the nineteenth century, Adam Smith's invisible hand was supplanted by the "visible hand" of middle management, which became "the most powerful institution in the American economy". [1] The Visible Hand was awarded the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for History and the Bancroft Prize of Columbia University. [2]
As part of C-SPAN's third Historians Survey of Presidential Leadership, almost 100 historians and biographers rated the 43 former presidents on ten qualities of presidential leadership: Public ...
The dilemmas of the dollar: The economics and politics of United States international monetary policy. London, UK: Macmillan Press Ltd. Cleveland, H. (1976). "The international monetary system in the interwar period". In Ed. Rowland, B. (1976). Balance of power or hegemony: The interwar monetary system. New York, NY: New York University Press ...