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Iodine in the ocean exists mostly in oceanic sediments and seawater. [4] During subduction of oceanic crust and seawater, most of the iodine cycles into seawater through brine, while a minor amount is cycled into the mantle. [4] Marine biota, including seaweed and fish, accumulate iodine from the seawater and return it during decomposition. [2]
The seaweed also had another, yet undiscovered, important chemical. One day towards the end of 1811 while Courtois was isolating sodium and potassium compounds from seaweed ash, he discovered iodine after he added sulfuric acid to the seaweed ash. He was investigating corrosion of his copper vessels when he noticed a vapor given off.
MacTear was initially employed as an assistant manager by Edward Cortis Stanford at the British Seaweed Company, Whitecrook chemical works [6] in Dalmuir, Clydebank. [1] Stanford had invented a process to extract iodine and potash from seaweed [7] that was being introduced to Scotland at the time.
Brine mining is the extraction of useful materials (chemical elements or compounds) which are naturally dissolved in brine.The brine may be seawater, other surface water, groundwater, or hyper-saline solutions from several industries (e.g., textile industries). [1]
The species Saccharina latissima yielded the greatest amount of iodine (between 10 and 15 lbs per ton) and was most abundant in Guernsey. Iodine was extracted from kelp ash using a lixiviation process. [42] As with sodium carbonate however, mineral sources eventually supplanted seaweed in iodine production. [43]
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Fucoidan is a long chain sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae.Commercially available fucoidan is commonly extracted from the seaweed species Fucus vesiculosus (), Cladosiphon okamuranus, Laminaria japonica (kombu, sugar kelp) and Undaria pinnatifida ().
Seaweed is a possible vegan source of Vitamin B12. [19] The vitamin is obtained from symbiotic bacteria. [20] However, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics considers seaweed to be an unreliable source of Vitamin B12 for human nutrition. [21] Seaweed are used in multiple cuisines: seaweed wrapped sushi, maki; seaweed in soup, stew, hot pot