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Fehling's test can be used as a generic test for monosaccharides and other reducing sugars (e.g., maltose). It will give a positive result for aldose monosaccharides (due to the oxidisable aldehyde group) but also for ketose monosaccharides, as they are converted to aldoses by the base in the reagent, and then give a positive result. [9]
The ketone group is the double-bonded oxygen. In organic chemistry, a ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O) group per molecule. [1] [2] The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH 2 OH) 2 C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity.
Cyclohexanone ((CH 2) 5 CO), a symmetrical cyclic ketone, is an important intermediate in the production of nylon. Isophorone, derived from acetone, is an unsaturated, asymmetrical ketone that is the precursor to other polymers. Muscone, 3-methylpentadecanone, is an animal pheromone. Another cyclic ketone is cyclobutanone, having the formula ...
For many monosaccharides (including glucose), the cyclic forms predominate, in the solid state and in solutions, and therefore the same name commonly is used for the open- and closed-chain isomers. Thus, for example, the term "glucose" may signify glucofuranose, glucopyranose, the open-chain form, or a mixture of the three.
Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine. Physiological ketosis is a normal response to low glucose availability. . In physiological ketosis, ketones in the blood are elevated above baseline levels, but the body's acid–base homeostasis is maintain
The Kiliani–Fischer synthesis, named for German chemists Heinrich Kiliani and Emil Fischer, is a method for synthesizing monosaccharides.It proceeds via synthesis and hydrolysis of a cyanohydrin, followed by reduction of the intermediate acid to the aldehyde, thus elongating the carbon chain of an aldose by one carbon atom while preserving stereochemistry on all the previously present chiral ...
Hemiacetals form in the reaction between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. Using an acid catalyst, the reaction proceeds via nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl group by the alcohol. [4] A subsequent nucleophilic attack of the hemiacetal by the alcohol results in an acetal. [2] Solutions of simple aldehydes in alcohols mainly consist of the ...
Barfoed's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides. It is based on the reduction of copper(II) acetate to copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O), which forms a brick-red precipitate. [1] [2] RCHO + 2Cu 2+ + 2H 2 O → RCOOH + Cu 2 O↓ + 4H + (Disaccharides may also react, but the reaction is much slower.)