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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high-quality, and high-performance, solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films .
For example, one-phonon (infrared) absorption in pure diamond lattice is forbidden because the lattice has an inversion center. However, introducing any defect (even "very symmetrical", such as N-N substitutional pair) breaks the crystal symmetry resulting in defect-induced infrared absorption, which is the most common tool to measure the ...
Lab-grown diamonds of various colors grown by the high-pressure-and-temperature technique. A synthetic diamond or laboratory-grown diamond (LGD), also called a lab-grown diamond, [1] laboratory-created, man-made, artisan-created, artificial, synthetic, or cultured diamond, is a diamond that is produced in a controlled technological process (in contrast to naturally formed diamond, which is ...
N-type diamond films are reproducibly synthesized by phosphorus doping during chemical vapor deposition. [35] Diode p-n junctions and UV light emitting diodes (LEDs, at 235 nm) have been produced by sequential deposition of p-type (boron-doped) and n-type (phosphorus-doped) layers. [36]
Substantial conductivity is commonly observed in nominally undoped diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition. This conductivity is associated with hydrogen-related species adsorbed at the surface, and it can be removed by annealing or other surface treatments. [44] [45]
Moreover, nanodiamond can be exploited as sensor for some specific analytes. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) produced by energy-assisted (plasma or hot filament, HF) Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) processes is a good candidatein Dopamine detection, however it is not selective towards some interferents.
A large number of compounds belonging to practically all classes have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions: elements, simple and complex oxides, tungstates, molybdates, carbonates, silicates, germanates etc. Hydrothermal synthesis is commonly used to grow synthetic quartz, gems and other single crystals with commercial value.
When the vapor source is a liquid or solid, the process is called physical vapor deposition (PVD), [3] which is used in semiconductor devices, thin-film solar panels, and glass coatings. [4] When the source is a chemical vapor precursor, the process is called chemical vapor deposition (CVD).