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String values are enclosed in [and ] characters and may be pushed onto the stack and stored in registers. The a command converts the low order byte of the numeric value into an ASCII character, or if the top of the stack is a string it replaces it with the first character of the string.
The calculator uses the proprietary HP Nut processor produced in a bulk CMOS process and featured continuous memory, whereby the contents of memory are preserved while the calculator is turned off. [13] Though commonplace now, this was still notable in the early 1980s, and is the origin of the "C" in the model name.
Stack Overflow is a question-and-answer website for computer programmers. It is the flagship site of the Stack Exchange Network . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was created in 2008 by Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky .
In addition to the standard features more or less typical for other hex editors, FlexHex offers a few unique ones. Specifically, FlexHex is the only hex editor that can create or edit NTFS alternate streams, sparse files, and OLE structured storage. Edits files, alternate streams, OLE compound files, logical and physical disks,
Canaries or canary words or stack cookies are known values that are placed between a buffer and control data on the stack to monitor buffer overflows. When the buffer overflows, the first data to be corrupted will usually be the canary, and a failed verification of the canary data will therefore alert of an overflow, which can then be handled, for example, by invalidating the corrupted data.
A stack buffer overflow can be caused deliberately as part of an attack known as stack smashing. If the affected program is running with special privileges, or accepts data from untrusted network hosts (e.g. a webserver ) then the bug is a potential security vulnerability .
A NOP-sled is the oldest and most widely known technique for exploiting stack buffer overflows. [2] It solves the problem of finding the exact address of the buffer by effectively increasing the size of the target area. To do this, much larger sections of the stack are corrupted with the no-op machine instruction.
Instructions are always fetched from the code segment. Any stack push or pop or any data reference referring to the stack uses the stack segment. All other references to data use the data segment. The extra segment is the default destination for string operations (for example MOVS or CMPS). FS and GS have no hardware-assigned uses.