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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
Much of an earthquake's total energy as measured by M w is dissipated as friction (resulting in heating of the crust). [52] An earthquake's potential to cause strong ground shaking depends on the comparatively small fraction of energy radiated as seismic waves, and is better measured on the energy magnitude scale, M e. [53]
Earthquakes (6.0+ M w) between 1900 and 2017. Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period ...
Historical earthquakes is a list of significant earthquakes known to have occurred prior to the early 20th century. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings — later followed by seismotomography imaging technique, [1] observations using space satellites from outer space, [2] artificial intelligence (AI)-based earthquake warning systems [3] — they rely mainly ...
Modern research has estimated that the quake was between 6.0 and 6.3 on the Richter scale, and the United States Geological Survey lists it as the largest earthquake in the history of Massachusetts. [6] Scientists are unclear on the causes of this and other quakes in the northeastern United States.
The Dogger Bank earthquake of 1931 is the strongest earthquake recorded in the United Kingdom since measurements began. It had a magnitude of 6.1 on the Richter scale , and it caused a shaking intensity of VI ( Strong ) to VII ( Very strong ) on the Mercalli intensity scale .
Here are the nine worst years to be alive in human history. pxhidalgo / iStock. 1. A.D. 536 – Volcanic Winter. ... 5.6 magnitude earthquake shakes buildings in Taiwan, as a series of temblors ...
Earthquake locations are taken from the Centennial Catalog [1] and the updated Engdahl, van der Hilst and Buland earthquake catalog, [2] which is complete to December 2005. From January 2006, earthquake locations are from the United States Geological Survey's Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) [3] monthly listing.