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Glutathione (GSH, / ˌ ɡ l uː t ə ˈ θ aɪ oʊ n /) is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOCOCH(NH 2)CH 2 CH 2 CONHCH(CH 2 SH)CONHCH 2 COOH. It is an antioxidant in plants , animals , fungi , and some bacteria and archaea .
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) (EC 6.3.2.3) is the second enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses the condensation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine, to form glutathione. [2]
A second GSH molecule reduces the GS-SeR intermediate back to the selenol, releasing GS-SG as the by-product. A simplified representation is shown below: [5] RSeH + H 2 O 2 → RSeOH + H 2 O RSeOH + GSH → GS-SeR + H 2 O GS-SeR + GSH → GS-SG + RSeH. Glutathione reductase then reduces the oxidized glutathione to complete the cycle:
GSH, and by extension GCL, is critical to cell survival. Nearly every eukaryotic cell, from plants to yeast to humans, expresses a form of the GCL protein for the purpose of synthesizing GSH. To further highlight the critical nature of this enzyme, genetic knockdown of GCL results in embryonic lethality. [1]
The detoxification reactions comprise the first four steps of mercapturic acid synthesis, [19] with the conjugation to GSH serving to make the substrates more soluble and allowing them to be removed from the cell by transporters such as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 . [8]
A pair of Saturday NFL games drew a larger viewing audience than college football for the rollout of the sport's 12-team playoff. The playoff game between SMU and Penn State averaged 6.4 million ...
The primary role of GSTs is to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with the electrophilic centers of a wide variety of molecules. The most commonly known substrates of GSTs are xenobiotic synthetic chemicals. There are also classes of GSTs that utilize glutathione as a cofactor rather than a substrate.
Several coaches are squarely on the NFL hot seat entering Week 18, with Mike McCarthy and Brian Daboll among those facing uncertain futures.