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Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age. [1] Physiological states of amenorrhoea are most commonly seen during pregnancy and lactation ( breastfeeding ).
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a form of amenorrhea and chronic anovulation [1] and is one of the most common types of secondary amenorrhea. [2] It is classified as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Exercise induced amenorrhoea occurs in 5-25% of athletes and 1.8% of the general population. The incidence is higher in marathon runners and is more frequent in women who weigh less and were slightly younger. [2] Exercise amenorrhoea has also been reported in ballet dancers, cyclists, swimmers and those involved in non-weight bearing sports. [1]
Suckling intensity directly correlates with the duration of the amenorrheal period following birth. Suckling intensity has several dynamic components: frequency of suckling, duration of the suckling bout, and duration of suckling in a 24 hour period. [3]
Oligoamenorrhea, also known as irregular infrequent periods or irregular infrequent menstrual bleeding, is a collective term to refer to both oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods) and amenorrhea (absence of periods). [1]
Physiologic states of amenorrhoea are seen during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). Outside of the reproductive years there is absence of menses during childhood and after menopause. [8] Irregular menstruation is where there is variation in menstrual cycle length of more than approximately 8 days for a woman.
Müllerian agenesis (including absence of the uterus, cervix and/or vagina) is the cause in 15% of cases of primary amenorrhoea. [2] Because most of the vagina does not develop from the Müllerian duct, instead developing from the urogenital sinus , along with the bladder and urethra , it is present even when the Müllerian duct is completely ...
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