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If untreated, gonorrhea can spread to joints or heart valves. [1] [2] Gonorrhea affects about 0.8% of women and 0.6% of men. [6] An estimated 33 to 106 million new cases occur each year. [10] [11] In 2015, it caused about 700 deaths. [12] Diagnosis is by testing the urine, urethra in males, vagina or cervix in females.
It has been easy to test for the presence of gonorrhea by viewing a Gram stain of the urethral discharge under a microscope: The causative organism is distinctive in appearance; however, this works only with men because other non-pathogenic gram-negative microbes are present as normal flora of the vagina in women. Thus, one of the major causes ...
Common causes include infections due to gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis. [3] In gonorrhea the discharge may be white, yellow, or green. [4] [5] A swab of the discharge is usually performed. [5] Treatment depends on the cause. Spread of infection is reduced by also treating sexual contacts. [6]
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[8] [10] Untreated infection may spread to the rest of the body (disseminated gonorrhea infection), especially the joints (septic arthritis). Untreated infection in women may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and possible infertility due to the resulting scarring. [ 11 ]
“If you don’t have gonorrhea, you can’t get drug-resistant gonorrhea,” says Hamill, “so use tried and trusted ways such as condoms to prevent acquiring gonorrhea in the first place. It ...
Untreated, it can lead to complications and death. [67] Clinical manifestations of syphilis include the ulceration of the uro-genital tract, mouth or rectum; if left untreated the symptoms worsen. In recent years, the prevalence of syphilis has declined in Western Europe, but it has increased in Eastern Europe (former Soviet states).
Untreated, acute epididymitis's major complications are abscess formation and testicular infarction. Chronic epididymitis can lead to permanent damage or even destruction of the epididymis and testicle (resulting in infertility and/or hypogonadism), and infection may spread to any other organ or system of the body. Chronic pain is also an ...