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  2. Tuning fork - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuning_fork

    Tuning fork pitch varies slightly with temperature, due mainly to a slight decrease in the modulus of elasticity of steel with increasing temperature. A change in frequency of 48 parts per million per °F (86 ppm per °C) is typical for a steel tuning fork. The frequency decreases (becomes flat) with increasing temperature. [6]

  3. Sympathetic resonance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_resonance

    In similar fashion, strings will respond to the vibrations of a tuning fork when sufficient harmonic relations exist between them. The effect is most noticeable when the two bodies are tuned in unison or an octave apart (corresponding to the first and second harmonics , integer multiples of the inducing frequency), as there is the greatest ...

  4. Concert pitch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_pitch

    A tuning fork that belonged to Ludwig van Beethoven around 1800, now in the British Library, is pitched at A = 455.4 Hz ⓘ, well over a half-tone higher. [ 5 ] Towards the end of the 18th century there was an overall tendency for the A above middle C to be in the range of 400 ⓘ to 450 Hz. ⓘ

  5. Guitar tunings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_tunings

    The open D tuning (D–A–D–F ♯ –A–D), also called "Vestapol" tuning, [29] is a common open tuning used by European and American/Western guitarists working with alternative tunings. The Allman Brothers Band instrumental " Little Martha " used an open D tuning raised one half step, giving an open E♭ tuning with the same intervallic ...

  6. Piano tuning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_tuning

    An A440 tuning fork A common method of tuning the piano begins with tuning all the notes in the "temperament" octave in the lower middle range of the piano, usually F3 to F4. A tuner starts by using an external reference, usually an A440 tuning fork , (or commonly a C523.23 tuning fork) to tune a beginning pitch, and then tunes the other notes ...

  7. Beat (acoustics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_(acoustics)

    Diagram of beat frequency. In acoustics, a beat is an interference pattern between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a periodic variation in volume whose rate is the difference of the two frequencies. With tuning instruments that can produce sustained tones

  8. Piano key frequencies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies

    For other tuning schemes, refer to musical tuning. This list of frequencies is for a theoretically ideal piano. On an actual piano, the ratio between semitones is slightly larger, especially at the high and low ends, where string stiffness causes inharmonicity , i.e., the tendency for the harmonic makeup of each note to run sharp .

  9. A440 (pitch standard) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)

    A440 is often used as a tuning reference in just intonation regardless of the fundamental note or key. The US time and frequency station WWV broadcasts a 440 Hz signal at two minutes past every hour, with WWVH broadcasting the same tone at the first minute past every hour. This was added in 1936 to aid orchestras in tuning their instruments. [11]