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A fiber optic coupler is a device used in optical fiber systems with one or more input fibers and one or several output fibers. Light entering an input fiber can appear at one or more outputs and its power distribution potentially depending on the wavelength and polarization. Such couplers can be fabricated in different ways, for example by ...
The term hybrid coupler originally applied to 3 dB coupled-line directional couplers, that is, directional couplers in which the two outputs are each half the input power. This synonymously meant a quadrature 3 dB coupler with outputs 90° out of phase. Now any matched 4-port with isolated arms and equal power division is called a hybrid or ...
Coupled mode theory (CMT) is a perturbational approach for analyzing the coupling of vibrational systems (mechanical, optical, electrical, etc.) in space or in time. Coupled mode theory allows a wide range of devices and systems to be modeled as one or more coupled resonators.
A star coupler is a device that takes in an input signal and splits it into several output signals. In fiber optics, and especially in telecommunications, a star coupler is a passive optical device, used in network applications. An optical signal introduced into any input port is distributed to all output ports.
In laser science, an output coupler (OC) is the component of an optical resonator that allows the extraction of a portion of the light from the laser's intracavity beam. An output coupler most often consists of a partially reflective mirror , allowing a certain portion of the intracavity beam to transmit through.
Diagram of a 1x2 Multi Mode Interferometer, with one input and two outputs. A multi-mode interferometer (MMI), also known as a multimode interference coupler, is a micro-scale structure in which light waves can travel, such that the optical power is split or combined in a predictable way.
The rat-race coupler has four ports, each placed one-quarter wavelength away from each other around the top half of the ring. The bottom half of the ring is three-quarter wavelengths in length. The ring has a characteristic impedance of factor 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} compared to port impedance.
The Janney coupler, later the Master Car Builders Association (MCB) coupler, [19] now the Association of American Railroads (AAR) coupler, is also commonly known as a buckeye, knuckle, or Alliance coupler. The AAR/APTA TypeE, TypeF, and TypeH couplers are all compatible Janney couplers, but used for different rail cars (general freight, tank ...