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The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(3), 80–97. Bates, T. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education: RoutledgeFalmer. Bender, Tisha. (2023) Discussion-based online teaching to enhance student learning: Theory, practice and assessment (Taylor & Francis).
This form of assessment helps determine a baseline so that when a summative assessment or post-test is given, quantitative evidence is provided showing that learning has occurred. Formative assessment – Formative assessment is used to provide feedback during the learning process. In online assessment situations, objective questions are posed ...
Among faculty, 87% report using a LMS and find them useful for "enhancing teaching (74%) and student learning (71%)" [29] (p. 10). Similarly, 83% of students use an LMS for their learning, with the majority (56%) using them in most or all courses.
Assessment of learning is generally summative in nature and intended to measure learning outcomes and report those outcomes to students, parents and administrators. Assessment of learning mostly occurs at the conclusion of a class, course, semester or academic year while assessment for learning is generally formative in nature and is used by ...
Through online learning communities of teachers and peers, students can build relationships with other users and establish a sense of both connectedness and belonging. Some students, who are less likely to participate in face-to discussions, are more likely to participate in online discussions and activities. This online communication enhances ...
The National Center for Education Statistics estimates the number of K-12 students enrolled in online distance learning programs increased by 65% from 2002 to 2005, with greater flexibility, ease of communication between teacher and student, and quick lecture and assignment feedback.
The latest generation of distance learning systems take into account the students' answers and adapt themselves to the student's cognitive abilities using a concept called 'cognitive scaffolding'. Cognitive scaffolding is the ability of an automated learning system to create a cognitive path of assessment from lowest to highest based on the ...
The fifth step in Salmon's model involves students looking for benefits from the system and using resources from outside of it to deepen their learning. Throughout all of this, the tutor/teacher/lecturer fulfills the role of moderator or e-moderator, acting as a facilitator of student learning. Some criticism is now beginning to emerge.