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In cooking, reduction is the process of thickening and intensifying the flavor of a liquid mixture, such as a soup, sauce, wine or juice, by simmering or boiling. [1] Reduction is performed by simmering or boiling a liquid, such as a stock, fruit or vegetable juice, wine, vinegar or sauce, until the desired concentration is reached by ...
A dark roux in development A white roux A roux-based sauce. Roux (/ r uː /) is a mixture of flour and fat cooked together and used to thicken sauces. [1] Roux is typically made from equal parts of flour and fat by weight. [2] The flour is added to the melted fat or oil on the stove top, blended until smooth, and cooked to the desired level of ...
The first recipe of a sauce similar to béchamel is in the book Le cuisinier françois by François Pierre de La Varenne in 1651, made with a roux, as in modern recipes. [3] The name of the sauce was given in honour of Louis de Béchameil, a financier who held the honorary post of chief steward to King Louis XIV of France in the 17th century.
In 1833, Marie-Antoine Carême described four grandes sauces (great sauces). [3] In 1844, the French magazine Revue de Paris reported: . Don’t you know that the grand sauce Espagnole is a mother sauce, of which all the other preparations, such as reductions, stocks, jus, veloutés, essences, and coulis, are, strictly speaking, only derivatives?
Grey Polish sauce (Polish: Szary sos polski) – Consists of roux and beef, fish, or vegetable stock seasoned with wine or lemon juice. Additions include caramel, raisins, almonds, chopped onions, grated gingerbread or double cream. Hunter's sauce (Polish: sos myśliwski) – Tomato puree, onions, mushrooms, fried bacon and pickled cucumbers.
At this temperature, bacteria are killed, enzymes in the milk are destroyed, and many of the proteins are denatured. [2] Since most milk sold today is pasteurized , which accomplishes the first two goals, milk is typically scalded to increase its temperature, or to change the consistency or other cooking interactions by the denaturing of proteins.
Mornay sauce is a smooth sauce made from béchamel sauce (butter, flour, milk), grated cheese, salt, and pepper, and often enriched with egg yolk. [5] [6] When used for fish, the sauce is generally thinned with fish broth. [7] [8] The cheese may be Parmesan and Gruyère, [6] [9] [8] Parmesan alone, [5] Gruyère alone, [10] or various other cheeses.
A thickening agent or thickener is a substance which can increase the viscosity of a liquid without substantially changing its other properties. Edible thickeners are commonly used to thicken sauces , soups , and puddings without altering their taste; thickeners are also used in paints , inks , explosives , and cosmetics .