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Reaction type Substitution reaction Swarts fluorination is a process whereby the chlorine atoms in a compound – generally an organic compound, but experiments have been performed using silanes – are replaced with fluorine , by treatment with antimony trifluoride in the presence of chlorine or of antimony pentachloride .
The Swarts reaction is generally applied to the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, but experiments have been performed using silanes. [8] It was once used for the industrial production of freon. Other fluorine-containing Lewis acids serve as fluorinating agents in conjunction with hydrogen fluoride.
This reaction also affords (C 5 H 5) 2 ZrH 2, which is treated with methylene chloride to give Schwartz's reagent [3] An alternative procedure that generated Schwartz's reagent from dihydride has also been reported. [4] Moreover, it's possible to perform an in situ preparation of (C 5 H 5) 2 ZrHCl from zirconocene dichloride by using LiH.
Bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide (BTP) is a fluorocarbon derivative first produced by Frédéric Swarts. [3] It has some utility as a radical initiator for polymerisation reactions. BTP is unusual in the fact that, unlike many peroxides, it is a gas, is non-explosive, and has good thermal stability. [4]
It was first prepared in 1901 by Frédéric Swarts, the Belgian chemist who was the first to prepare chlorofluorocarbons in 1892. Swarts used the reaction of zinc with 1,1-difluoro-2-bromoethane. It is produced industrially by two routes, one being the mercury-catalyzed reaction of acetylene and hydrogen fluoride: [2] HC≡CH + HF → CH 2 =CHF
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From dibromofluoromethane by reductive debromination with a Swarts reagent. From a dihalomethane by an halogen exchange reaction or from a halomethane by catalyzed bromination or fluorination . The method with the highest yield is reductive debromination of dibromofluoromethane using an organotin hydride.
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