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An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [1] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton) , "(medicine) given as a remedy".
Activated charcoal, also known as activated carbon, is a medication used to treat poisonings that occurred by mouth. [1] To be effective it must be used within a short time of the poisoning occurring, typically an hour.
The International Programme on Chemical Safety issued a survey (IPCS/CEC Evaluation of Antidotes Series) that lists the following antidotal agents and their effects: oxygen, sodium thiosulfate, amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, 4-dimethylaminophenol, hydroxocobalamin, and dicobalt edetate ('Kelocyanor'), as well as several others. [32]
Sodium thiosulfate is a classical antidote to cyanide poisoning, [10] For this purpose it is used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically only recommended for severe cases. [4] [6] It is given by injection into a vein. [4] In this use, sodium nitrite creates methemoglobinemia which removes cyanide from mitochondria. [6]
Ablysinol (a brand of 99% ethanol medical alcohol) was sold from $1,300 to $10,000 per 10-pack [Give volume amount please] in 2020 due to FDA administrator action granting exclusivity when used for treating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with alcohol septal ablation in the US through 2025, despite "misuse" of the orphan drug act.
The grades are based on safety data and rate how hospitals have “checks in place to prevent mistakes, and ensure strong lines of communication between hospital staff, patients, and families ...
The Leapfrog Group uses publicly available hospital safety data to assign grades to nearly 3,000 U.S. acute-care hospitals twice per year, in the fall and spring.
[24] [36] [37] Fomepizole has been shown to be highly effective as an antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning. [37] [38] It is the only antidote approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. [7] Both antidotes have advantages and disadvantages.