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Light Emitting Diode Therapy (LEDT) encompasses two primary therapeutic approaches: photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilises light-sensitive compounds combined with LED light to generate reactive oxygen species, which selectively target and destroy abnormal cells.
Fluorescence biomodulation is a form of photobiomodulation, which utilizes fluorescence energy to induce multiple transduction pathways that can modulate biological processes through the activation of photoacceptors found within many different cell and tissue types. According to Magalhães and Yoshimura, photoacceptors are molecules that do not ...
The transcranial photobiomodulation or transcranial low level light therapy is limited in neuromodulation due to several reasons: An excessive dose of radiation can be harmful. [ 21 ] Therefore, at adequate doses of light there may be stimulation of growth, but at high doses excessive singlet oxygen may be produced and its chemical action may ...
Photobiology is the scientific study of the beneficial and harmful interactions of light (technically, non-ionizing radiation) in living organisms. [1] The field includes the study of photophysics, photochemistry, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, visual processing, circadian rhythms, photomovement, bioluminescence, and ultraviolet radiation effects.
Blood is a mixture of cells and proteins and is routinely separated into its constituent parts for use in various therapies, e.g. platelets, red cells and plasma might be used in specific replacement, and proteins (typically clotting factors) derived from the plasma fraction are provided for the treatment of hemophilia, for example. Viruses ...
Optical scattering occurs due to mismatches in refractive index of the different tissue components, ranging from cell membranes to whole cells. Cell nuclei and mitochondria are the most important scatterers. [11] Their dimensions range from 100 nm to 6 μm, and thus fall within the NIR window.
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Cells in vivo may be partially protected against the effects of photodynamic therapy by the presence of singlet oxygen scavengers (such as histidine). Certain skin cells are somewhat resistant to PDT in the absence of molecular oxygen; further supporting the proposal that the Type-II process is at the heart of photoinitiated cell death. [3]