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The rail Severn Tunnel was opened in late 1886, at 7.008 km (4.355 mi) long, although only 3.62 km (2.25 mi) of the tunnel is actually under the River Severn. The tunnel replaced the Mersey Railway tunnel's longest under water record, which was held for less than a year. James Greathead, in constructing the City & South London Railway tunnel ...
Tunnel construction is a subset of underground construction. There are three basic types of tunnel construction in common use: Cut-and-cover tunnel, constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over. Bored tunnel, constructed in situ, without removing the ground above. They are usually of circular or horseshoe cross-section.
Underground construction in Sapporo, Japan. Underground construction refers to the construction of underground tunnels, shafts, chambers, and passageways, [1] it is also sometimes used to describe the portion of traditional construction that takes place below grade.
Longest tunnel of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project [93] Railway Twin Tube Mont d'Ambin Base Tunnel: Cottian Alps, France/Italy 57,500 m (35.729 mi) 2032 [94] Part of the Lyon–Turin high-speed railway. Reconnaissance tunnels under construction since 2002; construction of main tunnel started in 2016. [95] Railway Twin Tube Brenner ...
Airport Tunnel (Las Vegas), tri tunnels (two road tunnels and one future transit tunnel), under runways 7L/25R and 7R/25L and several taxiways at Las Vegas McCarran International Airport, connecting the Airport Spur Connector (unsigned SR 171) to Paradise Road in Paradise
Artemisio Tunnel (road), double tunnel, under Mount Artemision, 1.40 km 76 tunnels of the A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos), most notably in parts of Epirus and Western Macedonia , combined length of 99 km, the longest of which are Driskos Tunnel 4.6 km, Metsovo Tunnel 3.5 km, Dodoni Tunnel 3.6 km, Kastania Tunnel 2.2 km, Anilio Tunnel 2.1 km
In transport, tunnels can be connected together to form a tunnel network.These can be used in mining to reach ore below ground, in cities for underground rapid transit systems, in sewer systems, in warfare to avoid enemy detection or attacks, as maintenance access routes beneath sites with high ground-traffic such as airports and amusement parks, or to extend public living areas or commercial ...
Poola Subbaiah Veligonda Project Tunnel - II [70] [65] Andhra Pradesh, India: 18.83 km (11.7 mi) 2021 [needs update] Irrigation Poola Subbaiah Veligonda Project Tunnel - I [70] [65] Andhra Pradesh, India: 18.82 km (11.7 mi) 2020 [needs update] [71] Irrigation Many more tunnels that are shorter than 15 kilometres (9 mi) are under construction