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Ethanol is a neutral molecule and the pH of a solution of ethanol in water is nearly 7.00. Ethanol can be quantitatively converted to its conjugate base, the ethoxide ion (CH 3 CH 2 O −), by reaction with an alkali metal such as sodium: [78] 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH + 2 Na → 2 CH 3 CH 2 ONa + H 2. or a very strong base such as sodium hydride: CH 3 CH ...
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid), then the prefix hydroxy-is used, [19] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (CH ...
The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO 2 H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups ...
The oxidation products derived from methyl are hydroxymethyl group −CH 2 OH, formyl group −CHO, and carboxyl group −COOH. For example, permanganate often converts a methyl group to a carboxyl (−COOH) group, e.g. the conversion of toluene to benzoic acid. Ultimately oxidation of methyl groups gives protons and carbon dioxide, as seen in ...
The alkyl (R') group is named first. The R−C(=O)O part is then named as a separate word based on the carboxylic acid name, with the ending changed from "-oic acid" to "-oate" or "-carboxylate" For example, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOCH 3 is methyl pentanoate, and (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 is ethyl 4-methylpentanoate.
The suffix -thiol is added to the name of the alkane. This method is nearly identical to naming an alcohol and is used by the IUPAC, e.g. CH 3 SH would be methanethiol. The word mercaptan replaces alcohol in the name of the equivalent alcohol compound. Example: CH 3 SH would be methyl mercaptan, just as CH 3 OH is called methyl alcohol.
It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH 2 − unit) bonded to a hydroxyl group (−OH). This makes the hydroxymethyl group an alcohol . It has the identical chemical formula with the methoxy group ( −O−CH 3 ) that differs only in the attachment site and orientation to the rest of the molecule.