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  2. Effector-triggered immunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effector-triggered_immunity

    Alternatively, effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) can occur if an effector protein can block the immune response triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and evade immunity, allowing the pathogen to propagate in the host. [1] ETI was first identified in plants [2] [3] but has also been identified in animal cells. [4]

  3. Plant disease resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_disease_resistance

    The system is known as PAMP-triggered immunity or as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). [7] [6] [8] The second tier, primarily governed by R gene products, is often termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI is typically activated by the presence of specific pathogen "effectors" and then triggers strong antimicrobial responses (see R gene ...

  4. Fungal effectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_effectors

    To protect themselves from the actions of effector proteins, plants have evolved resistance proteins (R proteins), which may in turn recognise an effector and trigger a second tier of immune responses, known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI).

  5. Systemic acquired resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_acquired_resistance

    This induces a PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Some pathogens carry effectors that suppress PTI in the plant and induce effector triggered susceptibility (ETS). In response, plants evolve resistance (R) genes that encode for proteins capable of recognizing the newly developed pathogen effectors, resulting in what is called effector triggered ...

  6. Elicitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elicitor

    The remaining immunity is called basal defense [4] which can limit the spread of virulent pathogens in their hosts but it is typically insufficient to prevent disease. [1] In response to this threat, plant's have evolved effector recognition protein receptors to recognise, or monitor, effectors and initiate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). [5]

  7. Damage-associated molecular pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damage-associated...

    To make up for this lack of defense, plants use the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathways to combat trauma and pathogens. PTI is the first line of defense in plants and is triggered by PAMPs to initiate signaling throughout the plant that damage has occurred to a cell. Along with the PTI, DAMPs are also ...

  8. Hypersensitive response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitive_response

    Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.

  9. R gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_gene

    A plant defense has two different types of immune system, the one that recognizes pathogen/microbes associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and this is also known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Plant defense mechanism depends on immune receptors found on the plasma membrane and then the mechanism can sense the pathogen associated molecular ...