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IQ data has extensive use in many signal processing contexts, including for radio modulation, software-defined radio, audio signal processing and electrical engineering. I/Q data is a two-dimensional stream. Some sources treat I/Q as a complex number; [1] with the I and Q
Digital modulation methods can be considered as digital-to-analog conversion and the corresponding demodulation or detection as analog-to-digital conversion. The changes in the carrier signal are chosen from a finite number of M alternative symbols (the modulation alphabet). Schematic of 4 baud, 8 bit/s data link containing arbitrarily chosen ...
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave.The modulation is accomplished by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time.
This is a pictorial representation of a code concatenation, and, in particular, the Reed–Solomon code with n=q=4 and k=2 is used as the outer code and the Hadamard code with n=q and k=log q is used as the inner code. Overall, the concatenated code is a [, ]-code.
In digital communications, differential coding is a technique used to provide unambiguous signal reception when using some types of modulation.It makes transmissible data dependent on both the current and previous signal (or symbol) states.
Turbo coding is an iterated soft-decoding scheme that combines two or more relatively simple convolutional codes and an interleaver to produce a block code that can perform to within a fraction of a decibel of the Shannon limit.
Additional analysis of SCCCs was done in "Coding Theorems for 'Turbo-Like' Codes" by D. Divsalar, Hui Jin, and Robert J. McEliece. [5] This paper analyzed repeat-accumulate (RA) codes which are the serial concatenation of an inner two-state recursive convolutional code (also called an 'accumulator' or parity-check code) with a simple repeat ...
A diagram with four points, for example, represents a modulation scheme that can separately encode all 4 combinations of two bits: 00, 01, 10, and 11, and so can transmit two bits per sample. Thus in general a modulation with N {\displaystyle N} constellation points transmits log 2 N {\displaystyle \log _{2}N} bits per sample.