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A computer security model is a scheme for specifying and enforcing security policies. A security model may be founded upon a formal model of access rights, a model of computation, a model of distributed computing, or no particular theoretical grounding at all. A computer security model is implemented through a computer security policy.
STRIDE is a model for identifying computer security threats [1] developed by Praerit Garg and Loren Kohnfelder at Microsoft. [2] It provides a mnemonic for security threats in six categories. [3] The threats are: Spoofing; Tampering; Repudiation; Information disclosure (privacy breach or data leak) Denial of service; Elevation of privilege [4]
(example: end-user training on avoiding computer virus infections or recognizing social engineering tactics) - also referred to as personnel; Technology: software and hardware-based solutions designed to protect information systems (examples: anti-virus, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, etc.)
A threat actor, bad actor or malicious actor is either a person or a group of people that take part in an action that is intended to cause harm to the cyber realm including: computers, devices, systems, or networks. [1]
Phishing is a form of social engineering and a scam where attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information [1] or installing malware such as viruses, worms, adware, or ransomware.
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
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Secure by design, in software engineering, means that software products and capabilities have been designed to be foundationally secure.. Alternate security strategies, tactics and patterns are considered at the beginning of a software design, and the best are selected and enforced by the architecture, and they are used as guiding principles for developers. [1]