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Washoe (c. September 1965 – October 30, 2007) was a female common chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to communicate using signs adapted from American Sign Language (ASL) as part of an animal research experiment on animal language acquisition.
For example, in ASL, "water" it signed with a 'W' handshape touching the mouth, while "dentist" is similar apart from using a 'D' handshape. In other cases initialization is not used for disambiguation; the ASL sign for "elevator", for example, is an 'E' handshape moving up and down along the upright index finger of the other hand.
Korean standard sign language – manually coded spoken Korean. Macau Sign Language: Shanghai Sign Language "澳門手語" (MSL). Derives from the southern dialect of CSL. Malaysian Sign Language: ASL "Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia" (BIM) Maldivian Sign Language (Dhivehi Sign Language) Indian, ASL Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language: village: Nepal ...
Madsen, Willard J. (1982), Intermediate Conversational Sign Language. Gallaudet University Press. ISBN 978-0-913580-79-0. O'Reilly, S. (2005). Indigenous Sign Language and Culture; the interpreting and access needs of Deaf people who are of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in Far North Queensland. Sponsored by ASLIA, the Australian Sign ...
This combination is thought to make it very difficult for the chimpanzees to reproduce the vocal intonations required for human language. Researchers eventually moved towards a gestural (sign language) modality, as well as keyboard devices with buttons with symbols (known as "lexigrams") that the animals could press to produce artificial ...
American Sign Language (ASL) is a natural language [5] that serves as the predominant sign language of Deaf communities in the United States and most of Anglophone Canada. ASL is a complete and organized visual language that is expressed by employing both manual and nonmanual features . [ 6 ]
sign language: Dewey Decimal: 419: Universal Decimal: 811'221.24: Sign languages are forms of non-verbal communication primarily used by the deaf and hearing-persons ...
Stokoe notation (/ ˈ s t oʊ k i / STOH-kee) is the first [1] phonemic script used for sign languages.It was created by William Stokoe for American Sign Language (ASL), with Latin letters and numerals used for the shapes they have in fingerspelling, and iconic glyphs to transcribe the position, movement, and orientation of the hands.