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Coffea arabica (/ ə ˈ r æ b ɪ k ə /), also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae.It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. [2]
Called a peaberry, it is smaller and rounder than a normal coffee bean. When grown in the tropics, coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree that usually grows to a height of 3–3.5 m (9.8–11.5 ft). Most commonly cultivated coffee species grow best at high elevations, but do not tolerate freezing temperatures. [10]
The coffee beans come from the seeds which contained in fruits from trees and shrubs naturally grown in African forests. Humans produce coffee by roasting, grinding and brewing the green coffee beans. [17] Coffee plants are often grown in rows spaced apart depending on the desired density chosen by the farmer.
Coffee production uses a large volume of water. On average it takes about 140 litres (37 US gal) of water to grow the coffee beans needed to produce one cup of coffee. Growing the plants needed to produce 1 kg (2.2 lb) of roasted coffee in Africa, South America or Asia requires 26,400 litres (7,000 US gal) of water. [86]
List and origin of arabica varieties TIF. Coffee varieties are the diverse subspecies derived through selective breeding or natural selection of coffee plants.While there is tremendous variability encountered in both wild and cultivated coffee plants, there are a few varieties and cultivars that are commercially important due to various unique and inherent traits such as disease resistance and ...
It represents 43% of global coffee production, with arabica constituting the remainder except for the 1.5% constituted by coffea liberica. [15] It is mostly grown in Vietnam, where French colonists introduced it in the late 19th century, though it is also grown in India, Africa, and in Brazil, where the conilon variety is widely grown. [16]
Coffee bean harvester, Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. A coffee plant usually starts to produce flowers three to four years after it is planted, [2] and it is from these flowers that the fruits of the plant (commonly known as coffee cherries) appear, with the first useful harvest possible around five years after planting. The cherries ripen ...
Coffea liberica, commonly known as the Liberian coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae from which coffee is produced. It is native to western and central Africa (from Liberia to Uganda and Angola), and has become naturalised in areas including Colombia, Venezuela, the Philippines , Borneo and Java .
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