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Highly oxidized red soil in Tirunelveli District, India. Red colors often indicate iron accumulation or oxidation in oxygen-rich, well-aerated soils. [4] Iron concentrations caused by redox reactions because of diffusion of iron in crystalline and metermorphic rock, in periodically saturated soils may also present red colors, particularly along root channels or pores.
The color of a water sample can be reported as: Apparent color is the color of a body of water being reflected from the surface of the water, and consists of color from both dissolved and suspended components. Apparent color may also be changed by variations in sky color or the reflection of nearby vegetation.
In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial erosion, snow erosion, wind (aeolian) erosion, zoogenic erosion and anthropogenic erosion such as tillage erosion. [1] Soil erosion may be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed, or it may occur at an alarming rate causing a serious loss of ...
Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a widely used mathematical model that describes soil erosion processes. [1]Erosion models play critical roles in soil and water resource conservation and nonpoint source pollution assessments, including: sediment load assessment and inventory, conservation planning and design for sediment control, and for the advancement of scientific understanding.
Soil erosion is the main factor for soil degradation and is due to several mechanisms: water erosion, wind erosion, chemical degradation and physical degradation. Erosion can be influenced by human activity. For example, roads which increase impermeable surfaces lead to streaming and ground loss.
where Q is the water discharge of the river [m 3 /s], and W is the width of the river channel [m]. Relative differences in long-term erodibility can be estimated by quantifying the erosion response under similar climatic and topographic conditions with different rock lithology.
Sheet erosion or sheet wash is the even erosion of substrate along a wide area. [1] It occurs in a wide range of settings such as coastal plains, hill slopes, floodplains, beaches, [2] savanna plains [3] and semi-arid plains. [4] Water moving fairly uniformly with a similar thickness over a surface is called sheet flow, and is the cause of ...