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Only one of them – Pluto – has been observed in enough detail to verify that its current shape fits what would be expected from hydrostatic equilibrium. [53] Ceres is close to equilibrium, but some gravitational anomalies remain unexplained. [54] Eris is generally assumed to be a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto.
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto (Greek: Πλούτων, Ploutōn) was the ruler of the Greek underworld. The earlier name for the god was Hades , which became more common as the name of the underworld itself.
Eris is named after the Greek goddess Eris (Greek Ἔρις), a personification of strife and discord. [34] The name was proposed by the Caltech team on September 6, 2006, and it was assigned on September 13, 2006, [ 35 ] following an unusually long period in which the object was known by the provisional designation 2003 UB 313 , which was ...
However, acceptance of Eris as the tenth planet implicitly demanded a definition of planet that set Pluto as an arbitrary minimum size. Many astronomers, claiming that the definition of planet was of little scientific importance, preferred to recognise Pluto's historical identity as a planet by " grandfathering " it into the planet list.
For instance, for a large portion of names ending in -s, the oblique stem and therefore the English adjective changes the -s to a -d, -t, or -r, as in Mars–Martian, Pallas–Palladian and Ceres–Cererian; [note 1] occasionally an -n has been lost historically from the nominative form, and reappears in the oblique and therefore in the English ...
It can easily be trimmed back to reflect Pluto's demotion to dwarf planet. "My Very Elegant Mother Just Sat Upon Nine Porcupines" [1] "Mary's violet eyes make Johnnie stay up nights pondering" [2] With the IAU's 2006 definition of planet which reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet, along with Ceres and Eris, these mnemonics became obsolete.
Similarly, Eris, the malevolent "Goddess of Discord and Chaos", is the main antagonist in the DreamWorks 2003 animated movie Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas against Sinbad and his allies. The dwarf planet Eris was named after this Greek goddess in 2006. [103] In 2019, the New Zealand moth species Ichneutica eris was named in honour of Eris. [104]
On the other hand, the surfaces of Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar have low abundances of CO and CO 2, similar to Pluto, Eris, and Makemake, but in contrast to smaller bodies. This suggests that the threshold for dwarf planethood in the trans-Neptunian region is around 500 km radius.