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Tissue-type plasminogen activator, short name tPA, is a protein that facilitates the breakdown of blood clots. It acts as an enzyme to convert plasminogen into its active form plasmin , the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a serine protease, synthesized by endothelial cells, that specifically inhibits tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA). Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are the activators of plasminogen and result in the breakdown of blood clots (fibrinolysis). [4]
Reteplase, trade names include Retavase, is a thrombolytic drug, used to treat heart attacks by breaking up the clots that cause them.. Reteplase is a recombinant non-glycosylated form of human tissue plasminogen activator, which has been modified to contain 357 of the 527 amino acids of the original protein.
Alteplase, sold under the brand name Activase among others, is a biosynthetic form of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). It is a thrombolytic medication used to treat acute ischemic stroke, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (a type of heart attack), pulmonary embolism associated with low blood pressure, and blocked central venous catheter. [5]
Coagulation activation markers are biomarkers of net activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. [1] [2] Examples include prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FpA), fibrin monomers (FMs), plasmin-α 2-antiplasmin complex (PAP), activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and D-dimer (DD).
Upon binding to clots, or to the cell surface, plasminogen adopts an open form that can be converted into active plasmin by a variety of enzymes, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), kallikrein, and factor XII (Hageman factor). Fibrin is a cofactor for plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen ...
Tenecteplase is a recombinant fibrin-specific plasminogen activator that is derived from native t-PA by modifications at three sites of the protein structure. It binds to the fibrin component of the thrombus (blood clot) and selectively converts thrombus-bound plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus.
Tissue plasminogen activator (also known as tPA, t-PA, rtPA, Activase, or Alteplase or Actilyse) [5] is a drug that breaks down blood clots. It was first approved in 1996, yet this drug has no generic competition.
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