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Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . Nitric oxide is a free radical : it has an unpaired electron , which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula ( • N=O or • NO).
Due to relatively weak N–O bonding, all nitrogen oxides are unstable with respect to N 2 and O 2, which is the principle behind the catalytic converter, and prevents the oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere from combusting.
Nitrogen oxides are released during manufacturing of nitrogen fertilizers. Though nitrous oxide is emitted during its application, it is then reacted in atmosphere to form nitrogen oxides. This third source is attributed to the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen, N 2, with radicals such as C, CH, and CH 2 fragments derived from fuel, [26] rather ...
One other possible oxide that has not yet been synthesised is oxatetrazole (N 4 O), an aromatic ring. [15] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), better known as laughing gas, is made by thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate at 250 °C. This is a redox reaction and thus nitric oxide and nitrogen are also produced as byproducts.
In general, nitric oxide is a poor nitrosant, Traube-type reactions notwithstanding. But atmospheric oxygen can oxidize nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide, which does nitrosate. Alternatively cupric ions catalyze disproportionation into NO + and NO −. [5]
One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas. It is a paramagnetic , bent molecule with C 2v point group symmetry . Industrially, NO 2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid , millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers .
Nitrogen oxides readily interconvert between various forms, some of which may act as completing ligands. The redox reaction of nitrosonium and the metal can give rise to nitrogen oxide which forms strong metal nitrosyl complexes ; nitronium ions (NO 2 + ) are similarly observed.
The nitrosonium ion is NO +, in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a bond order of 3, and the overall diatomic species bears a positive charge. It can be viewed as nitric oxide with one electron removed.