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The hindgut (or epigaster) is the posterior part of the alimentary canal.In mammals, it includes the distal one third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure, the descending colon, sigmoid colon and up to the ano-rectal junction.
Caudal (from Latin cauda 'tail') describes how close something is to the trailing end of an organism. [41] For example, in horses, the eyes are caudal to the nose and rostral to the back of the head. These terms are generally preferred in veterinary medicine and not used as often in human medicine.
Proximal and distal, which describe a position that is closer to (proximal) or farther from (distal) the trunk of the body. [1] For example, the shoulder is proximal to the arm, and the foot is distal to the knee. Superficial and deep, which describe structures that are closer to (superficial) or farther from (deep) the surface of the body.
From here it moves in a cranial to caudal direction to eventually lie in the lower right portion of the abdominal cavity. This process brings the ascending colon to lie vertically in the lateral right portion of the abdominal cavity apposed to the posterior abdominal wall. The descending colon occupies a similar position on the left side. [8] [9]
Left posterior oblique (LPO) position is to view the sigmoid colon without overlapping of other bowels. [1] Hampton's view (prone caudal view) of rectosigmoid colon is taken when the subject is in prone position with the X-ray tube tilted towards the feet at 30 degrees. This is to separate out the loops of sigmoid colon. [2]
The transverse colon is the part of the colon from the hepatic flexure, also known as the right colic, (the turn of the colon by the liver) to the splenic flexure also known as the left colic, (the turn of the colon by the spleen). The transverse colon hangs off the stomach, attached to it by a large fold of peritoneum called the greater omentum.
The midgut forms the primary intestinal loop, from which originates the distal duodenum to the entrance of the bile duct. The loop continues to the junction of the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon with the distal third. At its apex, the primary loop remains temporarily in open connection with the yolk sac through the vitelline duct.
The ileum is the short termi of the small intestine and the connection to the large intestine. It is suspended by the caudal part of the mesentery (mesoileum) and is attached, in addition, to the cecum by the ileocecal fold. The ileum terminates at the cecocolic junction of the large intestine forming the ileal orifice.