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OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites. OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.
Several versions of the TLS protocol exist. SSL 2.0 is a deprecated [27] protocol version with significant weaknesses. SSL 3.0 (1996) and TLS 1.0 (1999) are successors with two weaknesses in CBC-padding that were explained in 2001 by Serge Vaudenay. [28]
Stunnel is used to provide secure encrypted connections for clients or servers that do not speak TLS or SSL natively. [4] It runs on a variety of operating systems, [5] including most Unix-like operating systems and Windows. Stunnel relies on the OpenSSL library to implement the underlying TLS or SSL protocol.
[10] TLS implementations other than OpenSSL, such as GnuTLS, Mozilla's Network Security Services, and the Windows platform implementation of TLS, were not affected because the defect existed in the OpenSSL's implementation of TLS rather than in the protocol itself. [11] System administrators were frequently slow to patch their systems.
This table denotes, if a cryptography library provides the technical requisites for FIPS 140, and the status of their FIPS 140 certification (according to NIST's CMVP search, [27] modules in process list [28] and implementation under test list).
OpenSSL was available at the time, and was dual licensed under the OpenSSL License and the SSLeay license. [7] yaSSL, alternatively, was developed and dual-licensed under both a commercial license and the GPL. [8] yaSSL offered a more modern API, commercial style developer support and was complete with an OpenSSL compatibility layer. [4]
LibreSSL is an open-source implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. The implementation is named after Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), the deprecated predecessor of TLS, for which support was removed in release 2.3.0.
The core SSL library is written in the C programming language and implements the SSL module, the basic cryptographic functions and provides various utility functions. Unlike OpenSSL and other implementations of TLS, Mbed TLS is like wolfSSL in that it is designed to fit on small embedded devices, with the minimum complete TLS stack requiring under 60KB of program space and under 64 KB of RAM.