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The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids. In most tetrapods, the quadrate bone connects to the quadratojugal and squamosal bones in the skull, and forms upper part of the jaw joint. The lower jaw articulates at the articular bone, located at the rear end of the ...
The supratemporal fenestra, also called the upper temporal fenestra, is positioned above the other fenestra and is exposed primarily in dorsal (top) view. In some reptiles, particularly dinosaurs, the parts of the skull roof lying between the supratemporal fenestrae are thinned out by excavations from the adjacent fenestrae.
In most modern reptiles and amphibians, the quadratojugal is a prominent, straplike bone in the skull and provides structural integrity in the postorbital region of the skull. [6] In many reptiles, the inner face of the quadratojugal also connects to the quadrate bone which forms the cranium's contribution to the jaw joint.
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In fishes, it is also called the pterotic bone. [1] In most tetrapods, the squamosal and quadratojugal bones form the cheek series of the skull. [2] The bone forms an ancestral component of the dermal roof and is typically thin compared to other skull bones. [3]
These two terms, used in anatomy and embryology, describe something at the back (dorsal) or front/belly (ventral) of an organism. [2] The dorsal (from Latin dorsum 'back') surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. [38]
The jugal bone is located on either side of the skull in the circumorbital region. It is the origin of several masticatory muscles in the skull. [1] The jugal and lacrimal bones are the only two remaining from the ancestral circumorbital series: the prefrontal, postfrontal, postorbital, jugal, and lacrimal bones. [2]
Beelzebufo (/ b iː ˌ ɛ l z ɪ ˈ b juː f oʊ / or / ˌ b iː l z ə ˈ b juː f oʊ /) is an extinct genus of hyloid frog from the Late Cretaceous Berivotra and Maevarano Formations of Madagascar. [1] The type species is B. ampinga, and common names assigned by the popular media to B. ampinga include devil frog, [2] devil toad, [3] and the ...
Cranial kinesis is the term for significant movement of skull bones relative to each other in addition to movement at the joint between the upper and lower jaws. It is usually taken to mean relative movement between the upper jaw and the braincase. [1] Most vertebrates have some form of a kinetic skull. [1]