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The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, [1] [note 1] was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic.
During the occupation of Germany by the Allies after World War II, the US Army designated the prison as War Criminal Prison No. 1 to hold convicted Nazi war criminals. [2] It was run and guarded by personnel from the United States Army's Military Police (MPs). The first condemned prisoners arrived at Landsberg prison in December 1945.
Kriebel was, with Hitler and Erich Ludendorff, the key figure in the 8–9 November 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and was convicted with Hitler in 1924, serving his sentence at Landsberg Prison. After his release from prison, he maintained his ties with the Nazi Party and the Oberland League. He became the German consul general in Shanghai.
Heinz Pernet (5 September 1896 – 30 June 1973) was a German military officer and Erich Ludendorff's stepson. He was a top figure in the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. He was among the nine men tried and convicted along with Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff in 1924.
Dietrich Eckart visited Obersalzberg for the first time in May 1923. [2] The Hitler trial resulted in a minimum sentence of five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated the first volume of Mein Kampf to his later deputy Rudolf Hess [3] (according to Joachim Fest, the first volume was only dictated by Hitler in Obersalzberg after his imprisonment, like the second). [4]
Ulrich Graf (6 July 1878 – 3 March 1950) was an early member of the Nazi Party and one of Adolf Hitler's inner circle. In 1923, he served in a bodyguard unit for Hitler and was wounded in the Beer Hall Putsch. Graf was considered a lifesaver for Hitler, using himself as human shield and taking five bullets for him.
In September 1921, Hitler was arrested after he and members of his SA paramilitary faction disrupted a Bayernbund meeting hosting the federalist Ballerstedt. [3] Neithardt presided over Hitler's trial, which sentenced Hitler to three months in prison. Hitler served one month of his sentence. [3]
While in prison after the failed Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which laid out his plan for transforming German society into one based on race. [171] Nazi ideology brought together elements of antisemitism, racial hygiene , and eugenics , and combined them with pan-Germanism and territorial expansionism with the goal of ...