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An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
You may be familiar with the Environmental Working Group (EWG) because they release a list of the most pesticide-filled produce every year called The Dirty Dozen. They also establish the produce ...
An electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is a group or atom that has the ability to draw electron density toward itself and away from other adjacent atoms. [1] This electron density transfer is often achieved by resonance or inductive effects.
The EWG prides itself in providing research and information to allow people to lead healthier lives. Every year, the nonprofit releases a list called 'Dirty Dozen,' which includes a ranking of ...
Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure. As a result, the energy of activation decreases, enhancing the rate of the overall reaction. According to the captodative effect, the rate of a reaction is the greatest when both the EDG and EWG are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure. [7]
EWG is headquartered in Washington, D.C.. [2] Its lobbying organization, the EWG Action Fund (a 501(c)(4) organization) was founded in 2002. [3] EWG partners with companies to certify their products. [4] Its reports are influential with the public, but it has been criticized for exaggerating the risks of chemicals. [4] [5] [6]
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now classifies eggs as a “healthy, nutrient-dense" food, according to a new proposed rule. Registered dietitians react to the change.
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.