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  2. Analects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analects

    Throughout the Analects, Confucius's students frequently request that Confucius define ren and give examples of people who embody it, but Confucius generally responds indirectly to his students' questions, instead offering illustrations and examples of behaviours that are associated with ren and explaining how a person could achieve it.

  3. Confucianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism

    The worldly concern of Confucianism rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucian thought focuses on the cultivation of virtue in a morally organised world. [13]

  4. Confucius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

    Confucius's political thought is based upon his ethical thought. He argued that the best government is one that rules through "rites" ( lǐ ) and morality, and not by using incentives and coercion. He explained that this is one of the most important analects: "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments ...

  5. Doctrine of the Mean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_the_Mean

    The Analects never expands on what this term means, but Zisi's text, The Doctrine of the Mean, explores its meaning in detail, as well as how to apply it to one's life. The application of Confucian metaphysics to politics and virtue ethics. The text was adopted into the canon of the Neo-Confucian movement, as compiled by Zhu Xi.

  6. Self-cultivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-cultivation

    Self-cultivation in Chinese is an abbreviation of "xiū-xīn yǎng-xìng" (修心养性), which literally translates to "rectifying one’s mind and nurturing one’s character (in particular through art, music and philosophy)". [5] Confucianism embodies metaphysics of self.

  7. Three teachings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_teachings

    Confucius, The Analects of Confucius [8] This quotation exemplifies Confucius' idea of the junzi ( 君子 ) or gentleman. Originally this expression referred to "the son of a ruler", but Confucius redefined this concept to mean behaviour (in terms of ethics and values such as loyalty and righteousness) instead of mere social status.

  8. Xue Er - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xue_Er

    The Book Xue Er with commentaries by He Yan. Xué Ér (學而) is the first book of the Analects of Confucius.According to Zhu Xi, a Confucian philosopher in the 12th century, the book Xue Er is the base of moral improvement because it touches upon the basic principles of being a "gentleman" (jūnzǐ, 君子).

  9. What the Master Would Not Discuss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_the_Master_Would_Not...

    The title of the work Zi bu yu refers to the passage of the Analects of Confucius [4] that states, "The topics the Master did not speak of were prodigies, force, disorder and gods". [5] His reference to the master was criticised as a 'heretical' use of Confucian texts. [6]

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