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A hospital corpsman dips a bifurcated vaccination needle into an open vial of smallpox vaccine. The bifurcated needle is a narrow steel rod, approximately 5 cm (2 in) long with two prongs at one end. [1] It was designed to hold one dose of reconstituted freeze-dried smallpox vaccine between its prongs. [2]
This is also the case for influenza vaccines in the US that come in single-dose vials or prefilled syringes. Some influenza vaccines are also available as a multi-dose vial, and in that form contain thiomersal (24.5 micrograms of mercury). [30] Phenol 0.25% v/v is used in Pneumovax 23, a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and in the smallpox ...
In both districts wastage increased as vial size increased from 5 to 10 dose vials. [4] In Kangra, wastage observed in oral polio vaccine was 50.8% while in Pune it was 14.3%. Wastage for a number of other vaccinations in the program was higher than what had been factored into the initial programme forecasting. [4]
A sterile needle and sterile syringe must be used for each vial for adding the diluent to the powder in a single vial or ampoule of freeze-dried vaccine. [ 17 ] The only way to be completely safe from exposure to blood-borne diseases from injections, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus ...
In the pharmaceutical industry, fill and finish (also referred to as fill finish, fill-finish or fill/finish) is the process of filling vials with vaccine, biological and pharmaceutical Drug Substances (DS) and finishing the process of packaging the medicine for distribution. Many vaccine manufacturers use third parties to fill and finish their ...
Manufacturers recommend that hepatitis B vaccines be stored at 2-8 °C, but the vaccines actually tolerate ambient and even high temperatures for some amount of time. The use of vaccine vial monitors has helped health workers remain confident in vaccines being stored outside the cold chain. [7]
Fractional dose vaccination [1] [2] is a strategy to reduce the dose of a vaccine to achieve a vaccination policy goal that is more difficult to achieve with conventional vaccination approaches, including deploying a vaccine faster in a pandemic, [3] reaching more individuals in the setting of limited healthcare budgets, or minimizing side effects due to the vaccine.
A hexavalent vaccine, or 6-in-1 vaccine, is a combination vaccine with six individual vaccines conjugated into one, intended to protect people from multiple diseases. [1] [9] The term usually refers to the children's vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, haemophilus B, and hepatitis B, [1] [9] which is used in more than 90 countries around the world ...