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Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body. [1] [7] [2] One nanogram per millilitre (1 ng/mL) is equivalent to 2.5 nanomoles per litre (2.5 nmol/L). Severe deficiency: < 12 ng/mL = < 30 nmol/L [2]
Lack of calcium can lead to renal osteodystrophy (bone weakening). On the other hand, too much calcium can cause calcification or calciphylaxis (calcium deposits in places such as the heart. [5] Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning that excessive amounts can be damaging so it should be prescribed and monitored by a doctor.
The increase of vitamin D into the body has shown to increase the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines and molecules within the body. As this research progresses, the understanding grows of how vitamin D and its complementary receptor (vitamin D receptor, VDR) are incorporated in expressing and regulating 900 genes within our bodies, as well ...
This condition can be caused by vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus deficiency. [87] Vitamin D deficiency remains the main cause of rickets among young infants in most countries because breast milk is low in vitamin D, and darker skin, social customs, and climatic conditions can contribute to inadequate sun exposure.
The kidney fails to respond adequately to PTH, which normally promotes phosphaturia and calcium reabsorption, or to FGF-23, which also enhances phosphate excretion. [2] In addition, there is evidence at the tissue level of a downregulation of vitamin D receptor and of resistance to the actions of PTH.
Vitamin D influences a lot of cellular functions in the body—so it’s possible that mild deficiencies can impact the development of aging-related brain changes, says David Merrill, MD, PhD, a ...
The body produces vitamin D as a response to sun exposure. Certain foods and supplements can also boost vitamin D intake. Despite its name, vitamin D is not a vitamin but a hormone or prohormone.
An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium, which can cause overcalcification of the bones, soft tissues, heart and kidneys. In addition, hypertension can result. [2] Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity may include the following: Dehydration; Vomiting; Diarrhea; Decreased appetite; Irritability; Constipation ...