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In the early modern period (1500 - 1800 CE), Republicanism became more prevalent, but monarchy still remained predominant in Europe until the end of the 19th century. After World War I, however, most European monarchies were abolished. There remain, as of 2024, twelve sovereign monarchies in Europe.
Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1800, United with the Kingdom of Great Britain to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) Kingdom of Navarre (824–1512; absorbed into Kingdom of Spain) Murcia (825–1243; became subnational monarchy of the Kingdom of Castile) Holy Roman Empire (843–1806; dissolved after defeat by Napoleon)
Mitanni Kingdom (c. 1500 BC–c. 1300 BC) Kingdom of Arzawa (c. 1500 BC–c. 1200 BC) Phoenicia (1200 BC–539 BC) Iron Age. Sindhu-Sauvīra (1300 BC- 518 BC) Magadha Kingdom (until 320 BC) Colchis (–164 BC) Kingdom of Phrygia (until 696 BC) Kingdom of Lydia (until 546 BC) Philistia (until 732 BC) Sabaean Kingdom (c. 1100 BC–275 AD) Zhou ...
1500–1558 King of Germany and Spain r. 1519–1556 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1519–1558: John III 1502–1557 King of Portugal: Catherine of Austria 1507–1578: Philippine Welser 1527–1580: Ferdinand II 1529–1595 Archduke of Austria: Anna Gonzaga 1566–1621: Anna of Austria 1528–1590: Albert V 1528–1579 Duke of Bavaria: Maria Manuela ...
The European powers grudgingly accepted the Sultan's imperial rank above European kings, but were unwilling to countenance a higher position for the Sultan than that of the Holy Roman Emperor. In the Treaty of Constantinople (1533), at the height of Ottoman power, the European accepted the subterfuge of referring to Charles V only as King of Spain.
The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia. The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order , a Roman Catholic crusader state and theocracy located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea .
28 December 1800 Death 28 December 1800 Malta: Elizabeth II: Queen of Malta: 21 April 1926 21 September 1964 13 December 1974 Republican constitution adopted 8 September 2022 [11] Montenegro: Nicholas I: King of Montenegro: 7 October 1841 28 August 1910 26 November 1918 Monarchy abolished: 1 March 1921 [12] Portugal: Manuel II: King of Portugal ...
24 February 1500 Ghent Eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile: 12 January 1519 – 1521/1556 Archduchy of Austria: Isabella of Portugal 10 March 1526 Seville seven children 21 September 1558 Yuste aged 58: Grandson of his predecessor. Through his mother he gained, in 1516, the recently unified Kingdom of Spain. He founded a ...