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Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide.
Presbyopia: When the flexibility of the lens declines, typically due to age. The individual would experience difficulty in near vision, often relieved by reading glasses, bifocal, or progressive lenses. [15] Astigmatism is when the refractive power of the eye is not uniform across the surface of the cornea because of asymmetry. In other words ...
The extent of gum disease depends a lot on host susceptibility. [9] Daily brushing must include brushing of both the teeth and gums. Effective brushing itself, will prevent progression of both tooth decay and gum diseases. Neutralising acids after eating and at least twice a day brushing with fluoridated toothpaste will assist preventing dental ...
Glasses prescribed to correct presbyopia may be simple reading glasses, bifocals, trifocals, or progressive lenses. [4] People over 40 are at risk for developing presbyopia and all people become affected to some degree. [1] An estimated 25% of people (1.8 billion globally) had presbyopia as of 2015. [3]
Given the high susceptibility for disease progression of the individual with AgP, there is a higher risk of disease recurrence. [57] It is thus necessary to attend frequent review appointments at the dentist to ensure there is no relapse of the disease, and that the periodontal health is maintained after active periodontal therapy.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutritional advice for Americans who are healthy or who are at risk for chronic disease but do not currently have chronic disease. [1] The Guidelines are published every five years by the US Department of Agriculture , together with the US Department of Health and Human Services .
A 1930s poster from the Work Projects Administration promoting oral hygiene. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. [14] Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer ...