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For ranges, if "to present" or "–present" is used, the current year (or, in cases where necessary, date) of "present" at the time of writing should be included. Thus 1982–present (as of 2025) – if writing in 2025 – is preferable to 1982–present .
9.9.2.3 Instead of a hyphen, use an en dash when applying a prefix or suffix to a compound that itself includes a space, dash or hyphen 9.9.2.4 To separate parts of an item in a list 9.9.3 Other uses for en dashes
The operation of evaluating a present value into the future value is called a capitalization (how much will $100 today be worth in 5 years?). The reverse operation—evaluating the present value of a future amount of money—is called a discounting (how much will $100 received in 5 years—at a lottery for example—be worth today?).
[citation needed] There are also a large number of exceptions, which further complicates matters. [citation needed] Some rules of thumb can be found in the Major Keary's "On Hyphenation – Anarchy of Pedantry." [3] Among the algorithmic approaches to hyphenation, the one implemented in the TeX typesetting system is widely used.
The question is, does If hyphens and dashes are needed to write a page name correctly (e.g., Piano-Rag-Music, Jack-in-the-box, Nineteen Eighty-Four), prefer simple hyphens, and avoid hair spaces, even in the odd case of a range forming part of the title, e.g., History of the Soviet Union (1985-1991). in section Dash guidelines for Wikipedia ...
Caution is needed with short glosses like AT, BY, TO and UP, which could potentially be either abbreviations or (as in these cases) nonabbreviated English prepositions used as glosses. Transparent compounds of the glosses below, such as REMPST or REM.PST 'remote past', a compound of REM 'remote' and PST 'past', are not listed separately.
Use hyphens if they are included, as they divide the number into meaningful parts. The placement of hyphens varies depending on the value of the ISBN. Here is an example of a book listing. Look on that page under "product details." There one can find these two ISBNs for that book: ISBN-10: 1413304540 ISBN-13: 978-1413304541
In article text, do not use a capital letter after a hyphen except for terms that would ordinarily be capitalized in running prose, such as proper names (e.g. demonyms and brand names): Graeco-Roman and Mediterranean-style, but not Gandhi-Like. Letters used as designations are treated as names for this purpose: a size-A drill bit.