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The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include cancer ...
The hedgehog's back contains two large muscles that direct the quills. Some light-weight desert hedgehog species with fewer spines are more likely to flee or attack, ramming an intruder with the spines, rolling up only as a last resort. Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal, with some species also active during the day. Hedgehogs sleep for a large ...
A possible cause of WHS is a genetic flaw allowing a virus to attack the hedgehog's nervous system. [23] The nose can display a variety of symptoms of a troubled hedgehog, especially respiratory illnesses, such as pneumonia. In many cases, the form of pneumonia that affects hedgehogs is bacterial in nature.
The SHH gene affects several major organ systems, such as the nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system and musculoskeletal system. [37] [38] Mutations in the SHH gene can cause malformation of components of these systems, which can result in major problems in the developing embryo.
Cloaca of a red-tailed hawk. A cloaca (/ k l oʊ ˈ eɪ k ə / ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/ k l oʊ ˈ eɪ s i / kloh-AY-see or / k l oʊ ˈ eɪ k i / kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals.
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
The lungs can be included in the lower respiratory tract or as separate entity and include the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. [3] Adult and pediatric airway anatomy. The respiratory tract can also be divided into a conducting zone and a respiratory zone, based on the distinction of transporting gases or ...
Upper respiratory system, with the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx labeled at left. The upper portion of the pharynx, the nasopharynx, extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate. [2] It includes the space between the internal nares and the soft palate and lies above the oral cavity.