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The Cisco Compatible Extensions (CCX) Specification describes a list of functional extensions to the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standard to support fast roaming with upgraded security, reliability, and diagnostic performance. This specification is Cisco proprietary and a device manufacturer requires a Cisco license agreement in order to develop ...
Intermediate drivers sit in-between the MAC and IP layers and can control all traffic being accepted by the NIC. In practice, intermediate drivers implement both miniport and protocol interfaces. The miniport driver and protocol driver actually communicate with the corresponding miniport and protocol interfaces that reside in the intermediate ...
Cisco Systems VPN Client is a software application for connecting to virtual private networks based on Internet Key Exchange version 1. On July 29, 2011, Cisco announced the end of life of the product. No further product updates were released after July 30, 2012, and support ceased on July 29, 2014. [4]
Exceptions include some Cisco Catalyst switches, which run IOS XE, and Cisco ASR routers, which run either IOS XE or IOS XR; both are Linux-based operating systems. For data center environments, Cisco Nexus switches ( Ethernet ) and Cisco MDS switches ( Fibre Channel ) both run Cisco NX-OS , also a Linux-based operating system.
IOS XE is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System (IOS), introduced with the ASR 1000 series. [2]It is built on Linux [3] [4] and provides a distributed software architecture that moves many operating system responsibilities out of the IOS process [5] [6] and has a copy of IOS running as a separate process. [7]
Carrier Routing System (CRS) is a modular and distributed core router developed by Cisco Systems Inc that enables service providers to deliver data, voice, and video services over a scalable IP Next-Generation Network (NGN) infrastructure. In a network topology, these routers are generally positioned in the core or edge of a service provider ...
Line card running IOS XR. IOS XR is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetwork Operating System (IOS), used on their high-end Network Convergence System (NCS) and carrier-grade routers such as the ASR 9000 series and Carrier Routing System series of routers.
Some companies use firmware updates to add new playable file formats . Other features that may change with firmware updates include the GUI or even the battery life. Smartphones have a firmware over the air upgrade capability for adding new features and patching security issues.