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  2. Fragrance extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragrance_extraction

    Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage. [1] The results of the extracts are either essential oils , absolutes , concretes , or butters , depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product.

  3. Enfleurage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfleurage

    The enfleurage fragrance extraction method is one of the oldest. It is also highly inefficient and costly but was the sole method of extracting the fragrant compounds in delicate flowers such as jasmine and tuberose, which would be destroyed or denatured by the high temperatures required by methods of fragrance extraction such as steam distillation.

  4. Steam distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_distillation

    Steam distillation is a means of purifying fatty acids, e.g. from tall oils. [9] Steam distillation is sometimes used in the chemical laboratory. Illustrative is a classic preparation of bromobiphenyl where steam distillation is used to first remove the excess benzene and subsequently to purifiy the brominated product. [10]

  5. Types of plant oils - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils

    Essential oils are usually extracted by distillation. Maceration is also used as a means of extracting essential oils. [5] In this process, used, for example, to extract the onion, garlic, wintergreen and bitter almond essential oil, the plant material is macerated in warm water to release the volatile compounds in the plant.

  6. Rose oil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_oil

    Steam distillation, which produces an essential oil called rose otto or attar of roses. Solvent extraction, which results in an absolute called rose absolute. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, yielding a concrete that may be marketed as a concrete, absolute or CO 2 extract.

  7. Extract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract

    Maceration, as used to soften and degrade material without heat, normally using oils, such as for peppermint extract and wine making. Distillation or separation process, creating a higher concentration of the extract by heating material to a specific boiling point, then collecting this and condensing the extract, leaving the unwanted material ...

  8. Attar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attar

    Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation. The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [1]

  9. Supercritical fluid extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_fluid_extraction

    SFE can be used as a sample preparation step for analytical purposes, or on a larger scale to either strip unwanted material from a product (e.g. decaffeination) or collect a desired product (e.g. essential oils). These essential oils can include limonene and other straight solvents. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the most used supercritical fluid ...

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