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However, overdose is a relatively minor problem; for example, 0.08% of the UK population (over 50 thousand people) present with paracetamol overdose each year. In contrast, paracetamol is a safe and effective medication that is taken without complications by millions of people. [ 52 ]
NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). [1] It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver.
Paracetamol, [a] or acetaminophen, [b] is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol .
The Rumack–Matthew nomogram, also known as the acetaminophen nomogram, is an acetaminophen toxicity nomogram. It plots serum concentration of acetaminophen against the time since ingestion, in order to predict possible liver toxicity and allow a clinician to decide whether to proceed with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment.
This type of adverse effect that results from pharmaceutical drug exposure is commonly due to interactions of the drug with its intended target. In this case, both the therapeutic and toxic targets are the same. To avoid toxicity during treatment, many times the drug needs to be changed to target a different aspect of the illness or symptoms.
Each year, paracetamol overdose is linked to about 400 deaths and 42,000 hospitalizations. [ 22 ] In January 2011, the FDA asked manufacturers of prescription combination products that contain paracetamol to limit the amount of paracetamol to no more than 325 mg in each tablet or capsule within three years.
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The active ingredient of its original flagship product is paracetamol (known in the United States, Canada, and various other countries as acetaminophen), an analgesic and antipyretic. Like the words paracetamol and acetaminophen, the brand name Tylenol is derived from a chemical name for the compound, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP). [1]