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In statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) is a type of linear least squares method for choosing the unknown parameters in a linear regression model (with fixed level-one [clarification needed] effects of a linear function of a set of explanatory variables) by the principle of least squares: minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed dependent variable (values ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to regression analysis: Regression analysis – use of statistical techniques for learning about the relationship between one or more dependent variables ( Y ) and one or more independent variables ( X ).
The normal equations can be derived directly from a matrix representation of the problem as follows. The objective is to minimize = ‖ ‖ = () = +.Here () = has the dimension 1x1 (the number of columns of ), so it is a scalar and equal to its own transpose, hence = and the quantity to minimize becomes
RATS: robusterrors option is available in many of the regression and optimization commands (linreg, nlls, etc.). Stata: robust option applicable in many pseudo-likelihood based procedures. [19] Gretl: the option --robust to several estimation commands (such as ols) in the context of a cross-sectional dataset produces robust standard errors. [20]
Optimal instruments regression is an extension of classical IV regression to the situation where E[ε i | z i] = 0. Total least squares (TLS) [6] is an approach to least squares estimation of the linear regression model that treats the covariates and response variable in a more geometrically symmetric manner than OLS. It is one approach to ...
It is a generalization of Deming regression and also of orthogonal regression, and can be applied to both linear and non-linear models. The total least squares approximation of the data is generically equivalent to the best, in the Frobenius norm , low-rank approximation of the data matrix.
In linear regression, the use of the least-squares estimator is justified by the Gauss–Markov theorem, which does not assume that the distribution is normal. From the perspective of generalized linear models, however, it is useful to suppose that the distribution function is the normal distribution with constant variance and the link function ...
Deming regression (total least squares) also finds a line that fits a set of two-dimensional sample points, but (unlike ordinary least squares, least absolute deviations, and median slope regression) it is not really an instance of simple linear regression, because it does not separate the coordinates into one dependent and one independent ...