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The first electric-powered torque amplifier was invented in 1925 by Henry W. Nieman of the Bethlehem Steel Company of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. [1] It was intended to allow manual control of heavy equipment; e.g., industrial cranes, artillery, etc. Vannevar Bush used Nieman's torque amplifier as part of his differential analyzer project at M.I.T in the early 1930s. [2]
Phase shift torque meters can measure shaft power to 0.1% accuracy in R & D applications, and to 1.0% when designed for permanent installation, both at confidence levels of 95%. [ 3 ] As of 1991, phase shift torque measurement instrumentation had been installed on gas turbine systems with a total power of 2 GW, with over 2 million operational ...
Torque forms part of the basic specification of an engine: the power output of an engine is expressed as its torque multiplied by the angular speed of the drive shaft. Internal-combustion engines produce useful torque only over a limited range of rotational speeds (typically from around 1,000–6,000 rpm for a small car).
The modern automatic transmission is now able to achieve better fuel economy, reduced engine emissions, greater shift system reliability, improved shift feel, improved shift speed and improved vehicle handling. The immense range of programmability offered by a TCU allows the modern automatic transmission to be used with appropriate transmission ...
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine. [1] [2] Transmissions can have a single fixed-gear ratio, multiple distinct gear ratios, or continuously variable ratios. Variable ...
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Torque multipliers only have a fraction of the final torque pressure on the drive tool making them a safer choice. Torque multipliers typically employ an epicyclic gear train having one or more stages. Each stage of gearing multiplies the torque applied. In epicyclic gear systems, torque is applied to the input gear or ‘sun’ gear. A number ...