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In finance, a holdout problem occurs when a bond issuer is in default or nears default, and launches an exchange offer in an attempt to restructure debt held by existing bond holders. Such exchange offers typically require the consent of holders of some minimum portion of the total outstanding debt, often in excess of 90%, because, unless the ...
Hold-up problems are created from the existence of firm-specific investments, but also from the set of long-term contracts that are used in the presence of the certain investments. Whether a vertical integration is adopted as a solution to the hold-up problem depends on the magnitude of the specific investment and the ability to write long-term ...
Holdout (gambling), a device used to cheat in gambling; Holdout problem, in finance concerning bond redemption; Holdout weapon, a weapon, typically a pistol, which can be sneaked into areas where weapons are normally confiscated or prohibited; Japanese holdout, a World War II soldier in the Pacific who continued to fight after Japan surrendered
The Fed and other bank regulators would insist that bad loans be written down on the books. Bondholders would take haircuts, but these losses are already priced into deeply discounted bond prices." [6] If the key issue is bank solvency, converting debt to equity via bondholder haircuts presents an elegant solution to the problem. Not only is ...
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Mural of a vulture across from Ulster Bank HQ in Dublin, Ireland, intended as critical of vulture funds [1] Anti-vulture fund sign in Dublin. A vulture fund is a hedge fund or private-equity fund that invests in debt considered to be very weak or in default, known as distressed debt. [2]
Domestic bonds accounted for 70% of the total and international bonds for the remainder. The United States was the largest market with 33% of the total followed by Japan (14%). As a proportion of global GDP, the bond market increased to over 140% in 2011 from 119% in 2008 and 80% a decade earlier.
[citation needed] In 1996, Paris and Moscow signed an accord for Russia to repay a nominal value of between $80 and $100 for each of the 4 million czarist bonds believed to remain in circulation in France, for a total payout of around $400 million. [7] Russia paid but not nearly as generously as the descendants of French bond buyers hoped. [8]