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Eternal inflation is a hypothetical inflationary universe model, which is itself an outgrowth or extension of the Big Bang theory. According to eternal inflation, the inflationary phase of the universe's expansion lasts forever throughout most of the universe. Because the regions expand exponentially rapidly, most of the volume of the universe ...
In this toy multiverse, the left-hand region exits inflation (red line) later than the right-hand region. With the proper-time cutoff shown by the black dotted lines, the immediately post-inflation portion of the left-hand universe dominates the measure, flooding the measure with five "Boltzmann babies" (red) that are freakishly young.
In eternal inflation, regions with inflation have an exponentially growing volume, while regions that are not inflating do not. This suggests that the volume of the inflating part of the Universe in the global picture is always unimaginably larger than the part that has stopped inflating, even though inflation eventually ends as seen by any ...
Linde called this process eternal inflation. Quantum fluctuations produced during eternal chaotic inflation are so large that they can easily push different parts of the universe from one vacuum state to another, and even change the effective dimensionality of spacetime. This provided a very powerful realization of the theory of the multiverse.
Eternal inflation and the multiverse: In 1982, Steinhardt presented the first example of eternal inflation. [12] Neverending inflation was eventually shown to be a generic feature of inflationary models that leads to a multiverse , the break-up of space into an infinite multitude of patches spanning an infinite range of outcomes instead of the ...
Alternative models, where the average expansion of the universe throughout its history does not hold, have been proposed under the notions of emergent spacetime, eternal inflation, and cyclic models. Vilenkin and Audrey Mithani have argued that none of these models escape the implications of the theorem. [8]
In 1982, Paul Steinhardt presented the first model of eternal inflation, Vilenkin showed that eternal inflation is generic. [9] Furthermore, working with Arvind Borde and Alan Guth, he developed the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem, showing that a period of inflation must have a beginning and that a period of time must precede it. [10]
The inflation itself may be the consequence of the Higgs field trapped in a false vacuum state [14] with Higgs self-coupling λ and its β λ function very close to zero at the planck scale. [ 15 ] : 218 A future electron-positron collider would be able to provide the precise measurements of the top quark needed for such calculations.