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A cubic yard (symbol yd 3) [1] is an Imperial / U.S. customary (non-SI non-metric) unit of volume, used in Canada and the United States. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of 1 yard (3 feet , 36 inches , 0.9144 meters ) in length .
A percentage is typically added to neat volume to estimate loose (i.e. uncompacted) volumes for procurement purposes. With concrete work, neat volume is calculated assuming there is no bowing in the formwork , or, for cast-in-place concrete, that the surfaces in contact with the concrete have no voids or imperfections that would require a ...
The imperial and US customary systems of measurement use the SI for their formal definitions, the yard being defined as 0.9144 metres exactly, the pound avoirdupois as 0.453 592 37 kilograms exactly while both systems of measure share the definition of the second.
In antiquity, systems of measurement were defined locally: the different units might be defined independently according to the length of a king's thumb or the size of his foot, the length of stride, the length of arm, or maybe the weight of water in a keg of specific size, perhaps itself defined in hands and knuckles. The unifying ...
For a small to medium project, the cost and time of hiring mixing equipment, labour, plus purchase and storage for the ingredients of concrete, added to environmental concerns (cement dust is an airborne health hazard) [10] may simply be not worthwhile when compared to the cost of ready-mixed concrete, where the customer pays for what they use ...
6 volumetric measures from the mens ponderia in Pompeii, a municipal institution for the control of weights and measures (79 A. D.). A unit of volume is a unit of measurement for measuring volume or capacity, the extent of an object or space in three dimensions.
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Some estimates put the cost of permeable paving at about one third more expensive than that of conventional impervious paving. [20] Using permeable paving, however, can reduce the cost of providing larger or more stormwater BMPs on site, and these savings should be factored into any cost analysis. In addition, the off-site environmental impact ...
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